D) fit in with the democratic ideals of the time. Roosevelt handled it by bringing the mine owners and a union leader to the white house to settle the issue. John C. Calhoun, minstrel shows II. This procedure did not prevent John Quincy Adams from proclaiming that a Southern slave power was choking out the sacred rights of northern citizens. american anti-slavery society (wanted to tansfer all blacks to africa to liberia-capital: monrovia- but slaves are all american born); constitution: covenant with death and agreement with hell (end justifies the means= will do anything to abolish slavery) frederick douglass: radical ex … Classwork Assignments: read and annotate the documents below, fill in the HAPPY chart at the bottom of each one.See the HAPPY pdf above in class resources for directions. Email me if you have questions or file issues. Slavery existed both in the north and in the South, at times in equal measure. Calhoun's Speech in the U.S. Senate, 1837, Declared that slavery was a "positive good". Ohio congressman Joshua Giddings was well-known for his defense of slave uprisings and resistance to the Fugitive Slave Law. 12/15/2020 APUSH Fall 2020 Final Exam | Schoology 18/25 b Southern arguments in favor of states’ rights. by phillip_paramore_30597. In 1831, she attended a public meeting where she heard William Lloyd Garrison give a speech against slavery. ... What was the southern defense strategy in regards to slavery during the late antebellum period? She was a mother of seven, and she shocked other feminists by advocating suffrage for women at the first Women's Right's Convention in Seneca, New York 1848. Fitzhugh’s worldview was fascist in its rejection of liberal values, defense of slavery, and perspectives toward race. 7. c abolitionist campaigns to end slavery in the United States. During this period, the ideas of the Revolutionary War had an influence on the African Americans. Justification for slavery came with this growth and found its parallels in the biblical subordination of women. Politics: several political compromises are fashioned determining where slavery can/cannot exist (Mizz Comp., 1850s Comp. Practice. "Chapter 16: The South and the Slavery Controversy, 1793-1860" StudyNotes.org. Richardson APUSH. “Southern ministers had written the majority of all published defenses of slavery,” Jemison reminds us. Group Three: "Northern Free Negroes and Southern Slaves" Historical Background Southerners became more passionately pro-slavery in response to increased northern opposition to the institution. After emancipation and the ravaging of the Each of the two great political parties was a vital bond of national unity, for each enjoyed powerful support in both North and South; to politicians, the wisest strategy seemed to be to sit on the lid of the slavery issue and ignore it; the cover bobbed up and down in response to the agitation of northern abolitionists and impassioned southern “fire-eaters” Proslavery whites responded by launching a massive defense of slavery as positive good. Peculiar institution. Southern Defense of Slavery: - Gag Rule - Thomas Roderick Dew - George Fritzhugh - A Sociology for the South 1854 and Cannibals All 1857 - Racism/Bible. APUSH 5.2 – APUSH 5.3VUS.7a – VUS.7f. Proslavery whites responded by launching a massive defense of slavery as positive good They forgot their own section’s previous doubts about the morality of the “peculiar institution”—slavery, they claimed, was supported by the authority of the Bible, and the wisdom of Aristotle; it was good for the Africans who were now “civilized” Gordon, whose death took place in New York in 1862, the 2, The huge bulk of the increase in the slave population came not from imports but instead from natural reproduction—a fact that distinguished slavery in America from other New World societies and implied much about the tenor of the slave regime, Above all, the planters regarded the slaves as investments, into which they had sunk nearly $2 billion of their capital by 1860; slaves were the primary form of wealth in the South and as such they were cared for as any asset is cared for by a prudent capitalist, Accordingly, they were sometimes spared dangerous work and if a neck was going to be broken, the master preferred it to be that of a wage-earning Irish laborer rather than that of a prime field hand, worth $1,800 by 1860 (price had quintupled since 1800), Tunnel blasting and swamp draining were often consigned to itinerant gangs of expendable Irishmen because those perilous tasks were “death on blacks and mules”, Slavery was profitable for the great planters, though it hobbled economic development of the region as a whole; the profits of the cotton boom sucked ever more slaves from the upper to the lower South; by 1860, Deep South states of SC, FL, MI, ALA, and LA each had a majority of blacks and accounted for half of all slaves in the South, Breeding slaves in a way that cattle are bred was not openly encouraged, But thousands of blacks from the soil-exhausted slave states of the Old South were “sold down the river” to toil as field-gang laborers on the cotton frontier, Women who bore ten plus babies were prized as “rattlin’ good breeders” and some of these fecund females were promised their freedom when they had produced ten, White masters all too frequently would force their attentions on female slaves, fathering a sizable mulatto population, most of which remained enchained, Slave auctions were brutal sights; the open selling of slaves under hammer, was among the most revolting aspects of slavery; on auction block, families were separated with frequency, usually for economic reason such as bankruptcy or division of property, Abolitionists decried the practice, and Harriet Beecher Stowe seized on the emotional power of this theme by putting it at the heart of the plot of, White southerners often romanticized about the happy life of their singing, dancing, banjo-strumming, joyful “darkies” but conditions carried greatly from region to region, from large plantation to small farm, and from master to master in the South, Everywhere slavery meant hard work, ignorance, and oppression; the slaves usually toiled from dawn to dusk in the fields, under the watchful eyes and ready whip-hand of a white overseer or black “driver”—they had no civil or political rights, They only had minimal protection from arbitrary murder or unusually cruel punishment; some states banned the sale of a child under the age of ten from his mother but all such laws were difficult to enforce, since slaves were forbidden to testify in court or even to have their marriages legally recognized, Floggings were common, for the whip was the substitute for the wage-incentive system and the most visible symbol of the planter’s mastery; strong-willed slaves were sometimes sent to “breakers,” whose technique consisted in lavish laying on the lash, But savage beatings made sullen laborers, and lash marks hurt resale values; the typical planter had too much of his own prosperity riding on the backs of his slaves to beat them, By 1860 most slaves were concentrated in the “black belt” of the Deep South that stretched from SC and GA into the new southwest states of ALA, MI, and LA, This was the region of the southern frontier, into which the explosively growing Cotton Kingdom had burst in a few short decades; as on all frontiers, life was often rough and raw and in general the lot of the slave was harder there than in other areas, A majority of blacks lived on larger plantations that harbored communities of twenty or more slaves; in some counties of the Deep South, especially along the lower Mississippi River, blacks accounted for more than 75 percent of the population, There the family life of slaves tended to be relatively stable, and a distinctive African-American slave culture developed—forced separations of families were evidently more common on smaller plantations and in the upper South (slave marriages), With impressive resilience, blacks managed to sustain family life in slavery and most slaves were raised in stable two-parent households; continuity of family identity evident, African-Americans also displayed African cultural roots when they avoided marriage between first cousins, in contrast to the frequent intermarriage in the planter aristocracy, African roots were also visible in the slaves’ religious practices; though heavily Christianized by the itinerant evangelists of the Second Great Awakening, blacks in slavery molded their own distinctive religious forms from a mixture of Christian and African elements—African practices also persisted the “responsorial” style of preaching, in which the congregation punctuates the minister’s remarks with assents and amens, Slavery was intolerably degrading to the victims; they were deprived of the dignity and sense of responsibility that come from independence and the right to make choices, They were denied an education, because reading brought ideas, which brought discontent; many states passed laws forbidding their instruction and about 90% of adult slaves at the beginning of the Civil War was totally illiterate, For all slaves, virtually all blacks, the “American dream” of bettering one’s lot through study and hard work was a cruel and empty mockery, Slaves often slowed the pace of their labor to the barest minimum that would spare them the lash, thus fostering the myth of black “laziness” in the minds of whites; they filched food from the “big house” and pilfered other goods that had been produced or purchased, Slaves sabotaged expensive equipment, stopping the work routine altogether until repairs were accomplished; occasionally they even poisoned their master’s food, The slaves also universally pined for freedom; many took to their heels as runaways, frequently in search of separated family members; others rebelled but not successfully, In 1800 an armed insurrection led by a slave named Gabriel in Richmond, Virginia, was foiled by informers, and its leaders were handed; Denmark Vesey, a free black, led another ill-fated rebellion in Charles ton in 1822 (hanged with followers), In 1831 the semiliterate Nat Turner, a visionary black preacher, led an uprising that slaughtered about sixty Virginians, mostly women and children; reprisals swift, The taint of slavery also lefts its mark on the whites; it fostered the brutality of the whip, the bloodhound, and the branding iron; whit southerners increasingly lived in a state of imagined siege, surrounded by potentially rebellious blacks inflamed by abolitionist propaganda from the North; fears bolstered a theory of biological racial superiority, The south was turned into a reactionary backwater in an era of progress; one of the last bastions of slavery were forced to degrade themselves, along with their victims, The inhumanity of the “peculiar institution” gradually caused antislavery societies to sprout forth; abolitionists sentiment first stirred at the time of the Revolution, especially among Quakers; because of the widespread loathing of blacks, some of the earliest abolitionist efforts focused on transporting the blacks bodily back to Africa, The American Colonization Society was founded for the purpose in 1817 and in 1822 the Republic of Liberia, on the fever-stricken West African coast, was established for former slaves; its capital Monrovia, was named after President Monroe, Some fifteen thousand freed blacks were transported there over the next four decades but most blacks had no wish to be transplanted into a strange civilization, By 1860 virtually all southern slaves were no longer Africans, but native-born African-Americans, with their own distinctive history and culture; yet the colonization idea appeal to some antislaveryites until the time of the Civil War, In the 1830s the abolitionist movement took on new energy and momentum, mounting to the proportions of a crusade; American abolitionists gained fervor in 1833 when their British counterparts unchained the slaves in the West Indies, Most important, religious spirit of the Second Great Awakening now inflamed many abolitionists against the sin of slavery; prominent among them was Theodore Dwight Weld, who had been in New York’s Burned-Over District in 1820s; Weld appealed with special power and directness to his rural audiences of untutored farmers, Spiritually inspired by Finney, Weld was materially aided by two wealthy and devout New York merchants, the brothers Arthur and Lewis Tappan; in 1832, they paid his way to Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati which was presided over by the formidable Lyman Beecher, father of a remarkable brood (family of Beechers). 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