For its part, the Crown continued to confiscate Quaker property and jailed thousands of Quakers. Despite heavy pressure from Howel to convict Penn, the jury returned a verdict of "not guilty". [51], In 1668 Penn was imprisoned in the Tower of London after writing a follow-up tract entitled The Sandy Foundation Shaken. At age 62, Penn landed in debtors' prison; however, a rush of sympathy reduced Penn's punishment to house arrest, and Bridget Ford was finally denied her claim to Pennsylvania. Little William caught smallpox at a young age, losing all his hair (he wore a wig until he left college), prompting his parents to move from the suburbs to an estate in Essex. [73] But the persecution of Quakers had accelerated and the differences were overridden; Penn again resumed missionary work in Holland and Germany. Before all that, he was born into a wealthy English family … His father, in a rage, attacked young Penn with a cane and forced him from their home. Penn was a close friend of George Fox, the founder of the Quakers. When invited by the Recorder to reconsider their verdict and to select a new foreman, they refused and were sent to a cell over several nights to mull over their decision. [62], Penn demonstrated no remorse for his aggressive stance and vowed to keep fighting against the wrongs of the Church and the King. [54] Later, he stated that what he really denied were the Catholic interpretations of this theological topic, and the use of unbiblical concepts to explain it. Fox risked his life, wandering from town to town, and he attracted followers who likewise believed that the "God who made the world did not dwell in temples made with hands. The land of Pennsylvania had belonged to the Duke of York, who acquiesced, but he retained New York and the area around New Castle and the Eastern portion of the Delmarva Peninsula. [78][79], With the New Jersey foothold in place, Penn pressed his case to extend the Quaker region. Penn bravely declared, "My prison shall be my grave before I will budge a jot: for I owe my conscience to no mortal man. Penn Mutual, a life insurance company established in 1847, also bears his name. Penn had designed the city which had streets laid out in a grid. There were considerable discussions about scrapping his constitution. Penn returned home for the extraordinary splendor of the King's restoration ceremony and was a guest of honor alongside his father, who received a highly unusual royal salute for his services to the Crown. [28] Penn had developed a taste for fine clothes, and for the rest of his life would pay somewhat more attention to his dress than most Quakers. [115] Another change was found in Penn's writings, which had mostly lost their boldness and vision. [105] Penn supported James' Declaration of Indulgence, which granted toleration to Quakers, and went on a "preaching tour through England to promote the King's Indulgence". Apparently, he could not be bothered with administrative details, and his business manager, fellow Quaker Philip Ford, embezzled substantial sums from Penn's estates. It was during this period, when Penn was about fifteen, that he met Thomas Loe, a Quaker missionary, who was maligned by both Catholics and Protestants. [12] At that time, there were no state schools and nearly all educational institutions were affiliated with the Anglican Church. [107] Penn offered some assistance to James II's campaign to regulate the parliamentary constituencies by sending a letter to a friend in Huntingdon asking him to identify men who could be trusted to support the king's campaign for liberty of conscience.[108]. Rather than state that he was not a Quaker and thereby dodge any charges, he publicly declared himself a member and finally joined the Quakers at the age of 22. . William Penn founded Pennsylvania and played a leading role in the history of New Jersey and Delaware. Children from poor families had to have a wealthy sponsor to get an education. He created a Constitution and a set of laws. That’s all! However, Penn's Quaker government was not viewed favorably by the previous Dutch, Swedish colonists, and also earlier English settlers in what is now Delaware, but claimed for half a century by the neighboring Province of Maryland's proprietor family, the Calverts and Lord Baltimore. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Thomson Gale. The official charge was publication without a licence but the real crime was blasphemy, as signed in a warrant by King Charles II. "[59][60], Given writing materials in the hope that he would put on paper his retraction, Penn wrote another inflammatory treatise, No Cross, No Crown: A Discourse Shewing The Nature and Discipline of the Holy Cross of Christ and that the Denial of Self, and Daily Hearing of Christ's Cross, is the Alone Way to Rest and Kingdom of God. This helped with the freedom of religion we have now. The Philadelphia Phillies went on to win the 2008 World Series that year. Penn became the proprietor of the land in America and named it Pennsylvania, or "Penn's Woods" after his father. [109] Accompanied by his wife Hannah, daughter Letitia and secretary James Logan, Penn sailed from the Isle of Wight on the Canterbury, reaching Philadelphia in December 1699. Penn rebelled against enforced worship and was expelled. Back at school, the administration imposed stricter religious requirements including daily chapel attendance and required a dress. Penn's Letter to the Free Society of Traders (1683) was an account of his early activities in Pennsylvania. [14] Though later opposing Anglicanism on religious grounds, Penn absorbed many Puritan behaviors, and was known later for his serious demeanor, strict behavior and lack of humor. [72] A minor split developed in the Quaker community between those who favored Penn's analytical formulations and those who preferred Fox's simple precepts. A group of Quakers arranged for Ford to receive payment for back rents and Penn was released. [27], Upon returning to England after two years abroad, he presented to his parents a mature, sophisticated, well-mannered, "modish" gentleman, though Samuel Pepys noted young Penn's "vanity of the French". He immediately began to direct this "holy experiment" by planning the new colony's government, writing its constitution, distributing land to settlers and establishing positive, peaceful relations with the local Indians. The streets are named with numbers and tree names. Young Penn reflected on the suffering and the deaths, and the way humans reacted to the epidemic. When installed in 1894, the statue represented the highest point in the city, as City Hall was then the tallest building in Philadelphia. William Penn was born in London on Oct. 14, 1644, the son of Adm. William Penn and Margaret Jasper. "Penn Charter", a well-known secondary day school, is now the oldest Quaker school in the world. [124] During his second attempt to sell Pennsylvania back to the Crown in 1712, Penn suffered a stroke. He developed a forward-looking project and thoughts for a "United States of Europe" through the creation of a European Assembly made of deputies who could discuss and adjudicate controversies peacefully. William Penn. As Penn became homeless, he began to live with Quaker families. Among Penn's legacies was the unwillingness to force a Quaker majority upon Pennsylvania, allowing his state to develop into a successful "melting pot". Perhaps the most radical move William Penn made was complete religious tolerance in Pennsylvania. The school itself was cast in an Anglican mode – strict, humorless, and somber – and teachers had to be pillars of virtue and provide sterling examples to their charges. ‘’Encyclopedia of American Biography (1974) p. 847. 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